Biotite

Formula:  K(Mg,Fe)3(Al,Fe)Si3O10(OH,F)2

Origin of name:  For Jean Biot, French physicist

 

Crystal system:  Monoclinic or triclinic (-6A)

Crystal class:  2/m

Twinning:  On {001} about [310] axis

Unit cell: a = 5.30 Ǻ, b = 9.21 Ǻ, c = 10.16 Ǻ, β = 99.1°

 

Colour:  Black, dark brown, reddish brown, green, rarely white

Diaphaneity:

Luster:  Splendent, submetallic, vitreous

Habit:  Crystals tabular or short prismatic, pseudohexagonal outline; disseminated, massive aggregates

Hardness:  2.5 to 3

Specific gravity:  2.7 to 3.4

Cleavage:  1; {001} perfect

Tenacity:  Thin laminae flexible to brittle

Streak:  Colourless

 

Synonyms/varieties:  Iron mica, lepidomelane (Fe3+ -rich variety), manganophyllite (Mn -rich variety)

 

Comments:  Polytypes 1M, 2M1, 4M3, 5M and 6A. Series with phlogopite

 

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